Durban not total failure

The Durban climate conference is not a total failure as it extended the Kyoto protocol to a second phase, said Environment and Forests Minister Hasan Mahmud. “We are not happy, but not frustrated either as it saved the Kyoto protocol,” the minister said, adding that Bangladesh expected much more from the conference. Briefing reporters in his ministry, he said the developed nations will cut carbon emission by 25 to 40 percent compared to the level of 1990 during the second commitment period of the protocol. But Japan, Russia and Canada pulled themselves out of the process which is unfortunate, he said. During the conference, an ad-hoc working group on the Durban Platform for Enhance Action was formed. The working group will come up with an outcome of legally binding instrument for all countries, he told reporters. “It will be too late if we have to wait till 2020 to implement the legally binding document and cap the temperature rise within two degree Celsius,” the minister said. The Green Climate Fund was created at the conference to help the vulnerable countries, which is another major achievement of the conference, Hasan said, adding that Bangladesh has got $200 million as fast start funding out of $3 billion raised in the UNFCCC. The minister also reminded the developed nations of their responsibilities for emission cuts as they are fully responsible for global warming. About detailed outcome of the meet, Hasan said, the activities of the ad-hoc working group on long-term cooperation action (AWG-LCA) were increased by the meeting. The AWG-LCA will formulate an outcome to implement the decision of the Bali Action Plan.

 

Durban pledges

Efforts must go on beyond the conference

THE 17th Conference of Parties (COP17) of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCC) has ended on a note of agreement towards a legal deal covering all countries. The process, beginning next year, is to be completed by 2015 and put into effect by 2020. While the action has been hailed as a “historic breakthrough” by some, others have criticised it for not being aggressive enough, and as containing a loophole which may be exploited by the major polluting countries to get out of a legal binding.
The Kyoto Protocol, signed in 1997, was proof that a global agreement could be reached despite several odds, but its targets remain to be met, with the first phase deadline expiring next year. The Durban deal may be seen as another step in the right direction -- with the compromise averting a collapse of the talks -- but negotiations and efforts must be stepped up. The slower the efforts are, the more difficult it will be to fight climate change. As it is, carbon emission levels remain high, with global temperatures continuing to rise, increasing the likelihood of worse droughts, floods, storms and rising sea levels.
Political will, especially of the rich and major polluting nations, is lacking. It is up to the emerging nations and LDCs, some of whom are the worst affected in the world, to push their agenda through concerted efforts. Bangladesh, one of the most vulnerable nations, has played a significant role at Durban as well as at the preceding Climate Vulnerable Forum, but it too must now carry on the efforts and engage countries such as the US, China, India and Brazil in doing more before the next climate negotiations. Indeed, higher level political and diplomatic efforts will be necessary across the board and especially so among the vulnerable countries if the battle against climate change is to be sustained and led to a satisfactory outcome. So far, in terms of action, conferences, negotiations and pledges have been many, but results have been few and the world continues to head towards environmental disaster.

The New York Times Exclusive

Marching off the cliff

Noam Chomsky

A task of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, now under way in Durban, South Africa, is to extend earlier policy decisions that were limited in scope and only partially implemented.
These decisions trace back to the UN Convention of 1992 and the Kyoto Protocol of 1997, which the US refused to join. The Kyoto Protocol's first commitment period ends in 2012. A fairly general pre-conference mood was captured by a New York Times headline: "Urgent Issues but Low Expectations."
As the delegates meet in Durban, a report on newly updated digests of polls by the Council on Foreign Relations and the Program on International Policy Attitudes reveals that "publics around the world and in the United States say their government should give global warming a higher priority and strongly support multilateral action to address it."
Most US citizens agree, though PIPA clarifies that the percentage "has been declining over the last few years, so that American concern is significantly lower than the global average -- 70% as compared to 84%."
"Americans do not perceive that there is a scientific consensus on the need for urgent action on climate change (euro). A large majority think that they will be personally affected by climate change eventually, but only a minority thinks that they are being affected now, contrary to views in most other countries. Americans tend to underestimate the level of concern among other Americans."
These attitudes aren't accidental. In 2009 the energy industries, backed by business lobbies, launched major campaigns that cast doubt on the near-unanimous consensus of scientists on the severity of the threat of human-induced global warming.
The consensus is only "near-unanimous" because it doesn't include the many experts who feel that climate-change warnings don't go far enough, and the marginal group that deny the threat's validity altogether.
The standard "he says/she says" coverage of the issue keeps to what is called "balance": the overwhelming majority of scientists on one side, the denialists on the other. The scientists who issue the more dire warnings are largely ignored.
One effect is that scarcely one-third of the US population believes that there is a scientific consensus on the threat of global warming -- far less than the global average, and radically inconsistent with the facts.
It's no secret that the US government is lagging on climate issues. "Publics around the world in recent years have largely disapproved of how the United States is handling the problem of climate change," according to PIPA. "In general, the United States has been most widely seen as the country having the most negative effect on the world's environment, followed by China. Germany has received the best ratings."
To gain perspective on what's happening in the world, it's sometimes useful to adopt the stance of intelligent extraterrestrial observers viewing the strange doings on Earth. They would be watching in wonder as the richest and most powerful country in world history now leads the lemmings cheerfully off the cliff.
Last month, the International Energy Agency, which was formed on the initiative of US Secretary of State Henry Kissinger in 1974, issued its latest report on rapidly increasing carbon emissions from fossil fuel use.
The IEA estimated that if the world continues on its present course, the "carbon budget" will be exhausted by 2017. The budget is the quantity of emissions that can keep global warming at the 2 degrees Celsius level considered the limit of safety.
IEA chief economist Fatih Birol said: "The door is closing (euro) if we don't change direction now on how we use energy, we will end up beyond what scientists tell us is the minimum (for safety). The door will be closed forever."
Also last month, the U.S. Department of Energy reported the emissions figures for 2010. Emissions "jumped by the biggest amount on record," The Associated Press reported, meaning that "levels of greenhouse gases are higher than the worst-case scenario" anticipated by the International Panel on Climate Change in 2007.
John Reilly, co-director of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology's program on climate change, told the AP that scientists have generally found the IPCC predictions to be too conservative unlike the fringe of denialists who gain public attention. Reilly reported that the IPCC's worst-case scenario was about in the middle of the MIT scientists' estimates of likely outcomes.
As these ominous reports were released, the Financial Times devoted a full page to the optimistic expectations that the US might become energy-independent for a century with new technology for extracting North American fossil fuels.
Though projections are uncertain, the Financial Times reports, the US might "leapfrog Saudi Arabia and Russia to become the world's largest producer of liquid hydrocarbons, counting both crude oil and lighter natural gas liquids."
In this happy event, the U.S. could expect to retain its global hegemony. Beyond some remarks about local ecological impact, the Financial Times said nothing about what kind of a world would emerge from these exciting prospects. Energy is to burn; the global environment be damned.
Just about every government is taking at least halting steps to do something about the likely impending catastrophe. The US is leading the way -- backward. The Republican-dominated U.S. House of Representatives is now dismantling environmental measures introduced by Richard Nixon, in many respects the last liberal president.
This reactionary behaviour is one of many indications of the crisis of US democracy in the past generation. The gap between public opinion and public policy has grown to a chasm on central issues of current policy debate such as the deficit and jobs. However, thanks to the propaganda offensive, the gap is less than what it should be on the most serious issue on the international agenda today -- arguably in history.
The hypothetical extraterrestrial observers can be pardoned if they conclude that we seem to be infected by some kind of lethal insanity.
The writer is a Professor of linguistics and philosophy at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge, Mass.
© New York Times. Distributed by the New York Times Syndicate.

Climate Refugees: Displaced forever

"See how we live like a caged bird," Mahmuda Khatun said pointing to her 70-square-foot makeshift hut on the narrow embankment by the Kholpetua river at Gabura in Satkhira.
Mahmuda along with her husband, sixty-year-old mother-in-law and four children live in the tiny bamboo-made thatched hut, merely 400 metres off from their homestead, which is now under saline water.
She said her children have no place to move around or play. The families living on the embankment always remain worried about their children, who may drown anytime in a moment of carelessness. Many of the families have stopped sending the children to school.
"Most of the time I keep my children virtually confined to the hut. When they get extremely bored, I have to allow them to walk outside for a moment but not too far," Mahmuda said, giving a picture of a common fear in the entire floating community.

Hundreds of families from other coastal villages in Satkhira, Khulna and Bagerhat had the same fate since cyclone Aila ripped through the region on May 25, 2009.
Tidal surges have breached parts of the embankment, washed away houses along with all belongings, livestock and poultry, and displaced families from their locality.
Cyclone Aila, though, did not claim more than 190 lives because of precautionary measures. But it caused a huge loss to property killing 150,000 livestock and ruining crops on about 3.23 lakh acres of land, according to the food and disaster management ministry.
The Campaign for Sustainable and Rural Livelihood (CSRL) programme of Oxfam which has been working in the Aila-hit areas since the disaster occurred said, as many as 77,531 families were affected.
Citing a recent survey, Ziaul Haq Mukta, member secretary of CSRL, said 54,530 individuals from 10,906 families could not return to their own places and are still living on the embankment in certain areas.
During a recent visit to many affected areas, it was seen that the villagers who took shelter on the embankment are still marooned even after two years as saline water permanently inundated their homestead, cropland and ponds.
The normal village life that they had only two years ago seems to be lost forever as these people have no alternative means to earn a living.
Allegations are rife that the authorities concerned are not repairing the damaged embankments that once protected the villages from the waters of the Kabodak and Kholpetua rivers. Besides, there are allegations of misappropriation and inadequate supply of relief materials.
Thirty-year-old Habibullah Gazi who lives on the embankment said, "We got some food, drinking water, medicine and few other materials from the government and non-government organisations.
"But we did not get anything which could help us get back to our normal life," he added.
Everyone raised the same point that Aila came to their life for a day and was over two years ago, but the miseries it inflicted on them still persist.
What frustrates the victims most is the fact that there is no move from any quarter to restore their normal life.
Now they have become refugees or slum dwellers in their own villages where they once had their houses and everything.
The situation is even worse for the children who have no place to freely move around or play. Their life has been confined to the 10-foot-width of embankment by the river.
Sixty-year-old Sahara Khatun, mother-in-law of Mahmuda, still cannot believe how the catastrophe shattered their lives. She often thinks she is having a nightmare and everything will be alright when she would wake up.
Sahara was born in the village where her ancestors lived for generations and which is now under saline water.
"None of my parents and grandparents had witnessed such a devastating cyclone," said Sahara with a grim face and a blank look.
Recalling the serene pictures of the village during her youth, she said, "I do not wish to live like this anymore."
The marooned people live on a part of the embankment, which is also eroding and may collapse anytime due to the pressure of water from both sides.
They have no land to cultivate now, while cultivation may not be possible in near future due to salinity in the soil. There is no big or small fish in the river near their villages, and it takes a day to bring drinking water from the distant villages.
The only source of income for these victims is shrimp fry. All the men, some women and even children catch shrimp fry and sell it in the market across the river.
With the little money they get from shrimp fry sale, they buy rice, vegetables and potato. At times, vegetables turn too expensive and they are forced to eat only rice and potato.
Asked about protein in their menu, the villagers said it is now just a dream for them.
"We cannot even think about it in this present situation," said Sahara.
Md Abdus Samad, deputy commissioner of Satkhira, told The Daily Star that rehabilitation programmes undertaken for the victims include repair and reconstruction of embankments, food aid, money-for-work, house construction and support in agricultural activities, among others.
Most of the people in this region are farmers who cannot grow rice or any other crop as salinity in the soil remains unnaturally high since the Aila swept across the land, he said.
"So we are looking into shrimp farming as an alternative for crop," he added.
"But if you talk about giving them back their normal life, it will take a long time," the DC said.

The report has been taken from The Daily Star. Date- Sunday, May 1, 2011 

Landslides in Bangladesh

Powerful landslides are another fatal climate disaster that turn many people into climate refugees in Bangladesh. Heavy rains kill and displace many people each year as early monsoon showers sweep across the country.As rain continues to pour down, landslides strike the country. The following are some of the tragic pictures of the landslides in Bangladesh.



Landslide in Cox's Bazar

 Landslide in region near the border with Myanmar

  Landslide in Chittagong

The mudslides usually strike south of the capital, Dhaka, Chittagong, a hilly and forested region near the border with Myanmar.

Plight of Climate Refugees in Bangladesh

Bangladesh is one of the worst climate victims in the world. As a low-lying land the country has always been under the threat of environmental disasters like hurricane, tornadoes , high tides etc. But during  the recent years Bangladesh has been frequently hit by catastrophic environmental disasters. According to the climate experts the rise of the sea level due to the global warming is one of the main reasons for the periodic hit of environmental disasters.  Each time the sudden hit of tornadoes leaves thousands of people homeless and landless. The following is one of the common scenes during a high tide caused by heavy rain falls or tornadoes.  

Most of the climate victims are poor.After any climate disaster they become even poorer. Most of them are displaced from their own lands and head to the big cities like Dhaka and Chittagong. Driven out of their lands, they become refugees and lead an uncertain and insecured life.